Zhāng Nì, appellation Bóqí, was a Bā-jùn Nánchōng-guó man. (1)
張嶷字伯岐，巴郡南充國人也。〔一〕
- (1) Yìbù Qíjiù Zhuàn states: Nì came from orphaned and poor origins, but when young had generous and strong character.
〔一〕 益部耆舊傳曰：嶷出自孤微，而少有通壯之節。
He was capped and became a county Merit Officer. At the time when Xiān-zhǔ [Liú Bèi] settled Shǔ [214], mountain bandits attacked the county, and the county chief abandoned his family and fled. Nì braved naked blades to by the hand lead [the chief’s] wife away, and so the wife escaped. From this he became famous, and the province summoned him as an Attending Official. At the time within the prefecture were scholars Gōng Lù and Yáo Zhòu appointed at two thousand dàn [salary level], who at the time had reputation and fame, and both were friendly with Nì.
弱冠為縣功曹。先主定蜀之際，山寇攻縣，縣長捐家逃亡，嶷冒白刃，攜負夫人，夫人得免。由是顯名，州召為從事。時郡內士人龔祿、姚伷位二千石，當世有聲名，皆與嶷友善。
Jiànxīng fifth year [227], Chancellor [Zhūgě] Liàng went north to station at Hànzhōng. Mountain bandits of Guǎnghàn and Miánzhú Zhāng Mù and others plundered and stole military resources and robbed the officials and people. Nì as Commandant commanded troops to punish them. When Nì came they scattered, and it was difficult to fight and capture them, so he falsely asked for peaceful relations and prepared wine and a banquet. When [Zhāng Mù was] intoxicated, Nì sent his attendants, and so beheaded Mù and the rest, over fifty people, and exterminated [the bandits]. He continued searching for these sorts [bandits], and in ten days there was peace. Later he fell seriously ill, and his family was too poor [to afford treatment]. Administrator of Guǎnghàn Hé Zhī of Shǔ-jùn had reputation for generosity, but Nì and him had no previous relation, so he personally took a carriage to visit Zhī to entrust [himself to Hé Zhī] to treat his illness. Zhī spared no expense in medical treatment, and after several years it was cured. The faith and trust he had was all like this.
建興五年，丞相亮北住漢中，廣漢、綿竹山賊張慕等鈔盜軍資，劫掠吏民，嶷以都尉將兵討之。嶷度其鳥散，難以戰禽，乃詐與和親，剋期置酒。酒酣，嶷身率左右，因斬慕等五十餘級，渠帥悉殄。尋其餘類，旬日清泰。後得疾病困篤，家素貧匱，廣漢太守蜀郡何祗，名為通厚，嶷宿與疏闊，乃自轝詣祗，託以治疾。祗傾財醫療，數年除愈。其黨道信義皆此類也。
He was appointed General of the Standard, under Mǎ Zhōng’s command, in the north suppressing the rebelling Qiāng of Wèn mountain, and in the south pacifying the foreign tribes of four commanders, and had achievements in planning and preparation and victory in battle. (2)
拜為牙門將，屬馬忠，北討汶山叛羌，南平四郡蠻夷，輒有籌畫戰克之功。〔二〕
- (2) Yìbù Qíjiù Zhuàn states: Nì received troops and horses three hundred men, and followed Mǎ Zhōng in suppressing the rebelling Qiāng. Nì had a separate command of several battalions at the front, and arrived at Tālǐ. The location of the village was high and steep. Nì climbed the mountains and set up camp four to five lǐ high. The Qiāng at a critical pass built a stone gate, atop the gate set a platform, and gathered stones atop it, so that any who tried to pass they would throw stones and strike them, and none were not destroyed and torn. Nì judged that they could not be attacked, so he sent an interpreter to inform them: “All you tribes of Wèn mountain have rebelled and done harm to the innocent, and Heaven’s Son ordered us to at once to suppress and destroy the evil. If you all bow your heads and permit the army to pass, giving provisions and supplies, then you will enjoy good fortune and eternal prosperity and will be repaid a hundredfold. If to the end you do not obey, the great [main] army will arrive and execute you, like a lightning bolt striking down, and though you may repent then, it will do you no good.” When the elder leaders received this command, they at once went out to meet with Nì, gave provisions and let the army pass. The army advanced to attack all the tribes. When all the tribes heard that Tālǐ had already fallen, they were all terrified and confused. Some welcomed the army and went out to surrender. Some fled away into the valleys. The soldiers were sent out to attack, and the army was triumphant. Later the southern foreigner Liú Zhòu again rebelled, and Mǎ Zhōng was appointed Commander of Láijiàng to suppress Zhòu, with Nì again under his command, and [Zhāng Nì] always led the army at the head, and thereupon beheaded Zhòu. When the pacification of the south was finished, in Zānggē and Xīnggǔ [commandery] Liáo tribes again revolted. Zhōng ordered Nì to command all the battalions to go suppress them. Nì also internally enticed surrenders and obtained two thousand men, who were all transferred to Hànzhōng.
〔二〕 益部耆舊傳曰：嶷受兵馬三百人，隨馬忠討叛羌。嶷別督數營在先，至他里。邑所在高峻，嶷隨山立上四五里。羌於要厄作石門，於門上施床，積石於其上，過者下石槌擊之，無不糜爛。嶷度不可得攻，乃使譯告曉之曰：「汝汶山諸種反叛，傷害良善，天子命將討滅惡類。汝等若稽顙過軍，資給糧費，福祿永隆，其報百倍。若終不從，大兵致誅，雷擊電下，雖追悔之，亦無益也。」耆帥得命，即出詣嶷，給糧過軍。軍前討餘種，餘種聞他里已下，悉恐怖失所，或迎軍出降，或奔竄山谷，放兵攻擊，軍以克捷。後南夷劉冑又反，以馬忠為督庲降討冑，嶷復屬焉，戰鬥常冠軍首，遂斬冑。平南事訖，牂牁興古獠種復反，忠令嶷領諸營往討，嶷內招降得二千人，悉傳詣漢中。
Fourteenth year [236] in Wǔdū the Dī King Fú Jiàn asked to surrender, and General Zhāng Wèi was sent to receive them, but he was overdue and had not returned, so General-in-Chief Jiǎng Wǎn was very concerned. Nì commented and said: “Fú Jiàn’s request to join us was sincere, and certainly has not changed. It is commonly heard that Jiàn’s younger brother is sly and treacherous, and further that the foreign tribes cannot agree, so likely there has been unusual circumstances, so that [Zhāng Wèi] remained to check things and that is all.” After several days, news arrived, and Jiàn’s younger brother had indeed led four hundred households to join Wèi, and only Jiàn came to submit.
十四年，武都氐王苻健請降，遣將軍張尉往迎，過期不到，大將軍蔣琬深以為念。嶷平之曰：「苻健求附款至，必無他變，素聞健弟狡黠，又夷狄不能同功，將有乖離，是以稽留耳。」數日，問至，健弟果將四百戶就魏，獨健來從。
Previously, Yuèxī prefecture from since after the Chancellor Liàng suppressed Gāo Dìng, had the foreign tribes repeatedly rebel, killing the Administrators Gōng Lù and Jiāo Huáng, so afterward Administrators [appointed to Yuèxī] did not dare enter the prefecture, only residing at Ānshàng county, eight hundred lǐ away, so the prefecture only existed in name. At the time it was discussed restoring the prefecture again, and Nì was appointed Administrator of Yuèxī. Nì led those he commanded to the prefecture, enticed them with favor and trust, and the foreigners all returned to submission. The northern frontier Zhuōmǎ were the most stalwart and strong and would not submit to authority, so Nì then went to suppress them, and captured alive their leader Wèi Láng, but released him and sent him back to win over the others of his kind. He memorialized to have Láng be given fief as a city Marquis, and of his tribe over three thousand households pacified and governed. When other tribes heard of this, many gradually surrendered. Nì for his achievement was given title as Marquis within the Passes.
初，越嶲郡自丞相亮討高定之後，叟夷數反，殺太守龔祿、焦璜，是後太守不敢之郡，只住（安定）〔安上〕縣，去郡八百餘里，其郡徒有名而已。時論欲復舊郡，除嶷為越嶲太守，嶷將所領往之郡，誘以恩信，蠻夷皆服，頗來降附。北徼捉馬最驍勁，不承節度，嶷乃往討，生縛其帥魏狼，又解縱告喻，使招懷餘類。表拜狼為邑侯，種落三千餘戶皆安土供職。諸種聞之，多漸降服，嶷以功賜爵關內侯。
The ruler of Sūqíyì Dōng Féng, Féng’s younger brother Wěi Qú, and others had already surrendered but again rebelled. Nì put to death Féng. Féng’s wife was the Máoniú King’s daughter, so Nì used a plan to isolate them, but Qú fled to the western frontier. Qú was ferocious and strong, and all the tribes deeply feared him. He sent two close relatives to feign surrender to Nì, but actually to obtain information. Nì was aware of this, and with great gifts he caused them to defect, and the two men therefore together killed Qú. When Qú was dead, all the tribes were secure. There was also the Dūqí commander Lǐ Qiúchéng, who previously had personally killed [former Administrator] Gōng Lù. Nì raised and recruited to capture him, listed his crimes, and executed him.
蘇祁邑君冬逢、逢弟隗渠等，已降復反。嶷誅逢。逢妻，旄牛王女，嶷以計原之。而渠逃入西徼。渠剛猛捷悍，為諸種深所畏憚，遣所親二人詐降嶷，實取消息。嶷覺之，許以重賞，使為反間，二人遂合謀殺渠。渠死，諸種皆安。又斯都耆帥李求承，昔手殺龔祿，嶷求募捕得，數其宿惡而誅之。
Originally Nì, because the prefecture outlying regions were in ruins, rebuilt small walls. He was in office for three years, relocated back to his former prefecture [headquarters], and ordered repairs of the city walls. Among the foreign tribes men and women none did not work their hardest.
始嶷以郡郛宇頹壞，更築小塢。在官三年，徙還故郡，繕治城郭，夷種男女莫不致力。
Dìngzuó, Táidēng, and Bēishuǐ, three counties, were over three hundred lǐ away from the prefecture [headquarters], and previously produced salt, iron, and lacquer, but the foreign peoples on the border long seized it for themselves. Nì led his followers to seize control and establish a Chief Clerk [to oversee production]. Nì arrived at Dìngzuó, but Dìngzuó’s leader Háo Lángcén, the Pánmù King’s maternal uncle, who was greatly trusted by the foreigner peoples, hated Nì for invading and would not go meet him. Nì sent several tens of strong warriors to go capture him, beat and kill him, and sent the body back to the tribe along with generous rewards, describing Lángcén’s evils, and also saying: “Do not rush mindlessly into action. Act and be exterminated!” The tribes all [dirtied their] faces and bound themselves to apologize for their crimes. Nì killed an ox for a feast, reaffirmed his grace and trust, and so obtained salt and iron, and so tools were all provided for.
定莋、臺登、卑水三縣去郡三百餘里，舊出鹽鐵及漆，而夷徼久自固食。嶷率所領奪取，署長吏焉。嶷之到定莋，定莋率豪狼岑，槃木王舅，甚為蠻夷所信任，忿嶷自侵，不自來詣。嶷使壯士數十直往收致，撻而殺之，持尸還種，厚加賞賜，喻以狼岑之惡，且曰：「無得妄動，動即殄矣！」種類咸面縛謝過。嶷殺牛饗宴，重申恩信，遂獲鹽鐵，器用周贍。
Hànjiā prefecture’s border had Máoniú foreign tribes of over four thousand households, and their leader Láng Lù wished to avenge his paternal aunt’s husband Dōng Féng, sending his father’s younger brother [Láng] Lí to command Féng’s former army to face [Zhāng Nì] and observe the situation. Nì in response sent his close kin to present oxen and wine as gifts of appreciation, and also ordered that Lí receive back Féng’s wife [and Lí’s elder sister] to show their intentions. Lí both received the gifts and also met his elder sister, and both elder sister and younger brother were joyous, so he led his followers to go to Nì. Nì bestowed generous rewards and treatment and sent them back. The Máoniú because of this were no longer a problem.
漢嘉郡界旄牛夷種類四千餘戶，其率狼路，欲為姑婿冬逢報怨，遣叔父離將逢眾相度形勢。嶷逆遣親近齎牛酒勞賜，又令離（姊）逆逢妻宣暢意旨。離既受賜，并見其姊，姊弟歡悅，悉率所領將詣嶷，嶷厚加賞待，遣還。旄牛由是輒不為患。
The prefecture had an old road, passing through the Máoniú to Chéngdū, that was both level and near. From when the Máoniú cut off the road it had already been a hundred years, and after that the safe route was both rugged and far. Nì sent his attendants to present treasure to [Láng] Lù, and also ordered Lù’s paternal aunt to convey his intentions, and so Lù thereupon led his brothers and wives and children to all go to Nì, and with Nì swear an oath of alliance, and reopen the old road, and a thousand lǐ were cleared and the former relay stations restored. [Zhāng Nì] memorialized to give fief to Lù as King of the Máoniúgōupí, and an envoy was sent to present Lù’s tribute to Court. Hòuzhǔ [Liú Shàn] therefore promoted Nì to General Settling Weapons with authority over the prefecture as before.
郡有舊道，經旄牛中至成都，既平且近；自旄牛絕道，已百餘年，更由安上，既險且遠。嶷遣左右齎貨幣賜路，重令路姑喻意，路乃率兄弟妻子悉詣嶷，嶷與盟誓，開通舊道，千里肅清，復古亭驛。奏封路為旄牛㽛毗王，遣使將路朝貢。後主於是加嶷憮戎將軍，領郡如故。
Nì previously observed that Fèi Yī had become General-in-Chief but was unrestrained by nature and careless in showing favor, and was excessive in his trust and good treatment of newcomers to his following. Nì sent a letter to admonish him that said: “In the past Cén Péng was a great commander wielding Staff of Authority, but was killed by an assassin. Now you wise General occupy a position of great power and importance, and should reflect on past events, and should act less careless on guard.” Later Yī was indeed by a surrendered Wèi man Guō Xiū killed.
嶷初見費禕為大將軍，恣性汎愛，待信新附太過，嶷書戒之曰：「昔岑彭率師，來歙杖節，咸見害於刺客，今明將軍位尊權重，宜鑒前事，少以為警。」後禕果為魏降人郭脩所害。
Wú Grand Tutor Zhūgě Kè, because he had previously defeated the Wèi army, raised a massive army to attack. Palace Attendant Zhūgě Zhān was Chancellor [Zhūgě] Liàng’s son and [Zhūgě] Kè’s younger cousin, and Nì wrote a letter to him that said:
吳太傅諸葛恪以初破魏軍，大興兵眾以圖攻取。侍中諸葛瞻，丞相亮之子，恪從弟也，嶷與書曰：
“The Eastern Ruler [Sūn Quán] has just perished, and the [new] Emperor [Sūn Liàng] is truly young and weak. The Grand Tutor has received a heavy burden of trust, and how can that be considered easy? Because your kinsman has the talent of Zhōu-gōng, it is also as if there are Guǎn and Cài spreading rumors he intends to usurp, and just as when Huò Guāng received appointment there are high officials Yān and Gě planning to resist and rebel. He must rely on the wisdom of Chéng and Zhāo in order to avoid this disaster and that is all. In the past I always heard the Eastern Ruler never gave the authority to kill or bestow rewards or punishments to his subordinates, but now [I heard] that at the time of his death, in the end he summoned the Grand Tutor and entrusted all future affairs to him, and that is truly worrisome. Additionally the lands of Wú and Chǔ are vulnerable and in the past this has been noted, and yet the Grand Tutor leaves the young ruler and walks to face the enemy stronghold. I fear this is not a good plan for the long term. Though it is said that the eastern party is ordered and solumn, and that high and low all are harmonious, is not even one loss out of a hundred something the wise consider? The past led to now, and now follows the past. If you honored sir do not go forward to give loyal advice to the Grand Tutor, who else is there to speak fully? Withdraw the army and develop agriculture, and handle affairs with virtue and kindness, and within several years, both East and West will develop together, and it will not be too late. I hope you will thoroughly consider this.”
「東主初崩，帝實幼弱，太傅受寄託之重，亦何容易！親以周公之才，猶有管、蔡流言之變，霍光受任，亦有燕、蓋、上官逆亂之謀，賴成、昭之明，以免斯難耳。昔每聞東主殺生賞罰，不任下人，又今以垂沒之命，卒召太傅，屬以後事，誠實可慮。加吳、楚剽急，乃昔所記，而太傅離少主，履敵庭，恐非良計長算之術也。雖云東家綱紀肅然，上下輯睦，百有一失，非明者之慮邪？取古則今，今則古也，自非郎君進忠言於太傅，誰復有盡言者也！旋軍廣農，務行德惠，數年之中，東西並舉，實為不晚，願深採察。」
Kè indeed because of this had his clan exterminated. Nì’s foresight was always of this sort.
恪竟以此夷族。嶷識見多如是類。
He was in the prefecture fifteen years, and the region was peaceful and calm. He repeatedly asked to return, and so was summoned to visit Chéngdū. The people and foreigners were deeply attached to him, and grabbed his wheels and wept and sobbed. When he passed the Máoniú village, the village leader carrying his child on his back came forward to welcome him, and followed him as far as to the border of Shǔ prefecture, and he sent an escort for Nì to present tribute of over a hundred men.
在郡十五年，邦域安穆。屢乞求還，乃徵詣成都。（夷民）〔民夷〕戀慕，扶轂泣涕，過旄牛邑，邑君襁負來迎，及追尋至蜀郡界，其督相率隨嶷朝貢者百餘人。
Nì arrived, and was appointed General Sweeping Away Bandits. He was generous and heroic, so scholars everywhere greatly esteemed him, but he was also lax in morals and lacking in courtesy, so men also because of this ridiculed him. (1) That year was Yánxī seventeenth year [254].
嶷至，拜盪寇將軍，慷慨壯烈，士人咸多貴之，然放蕩少禮，人亦以此譏焉，〔一〕是歲延熙十七年也。
- (1) Yìbù Qíjiù Zhuàn states: At the time General of Chariots and Cavalry Xiàhóu Bà said to Nì: “Though you and I are not familiar, yet I confide my feelings to you as if we were old friends. You should understand this intention.” Nì answered: “I do not yet know you, and you do not yet know me. When great principles lead elsewhere, how can you speak of confiding feelings? Let us after three years speak again.” A wise scholar took this as a praiseworthy anecdote.
〔一〕 益部耆舊傳曰：時車騎將軍夏侯霸謂嶷曰：「雖與足下疏闊，然託心如舊，宜明此意。」嶷答曰：「僕未知子，子未知我，大道在彼，何云託心乎！願三年之後徐陳斯言。」有識之士以為美談。
Wèi’s Dídào Chief Lǐ Jiǎn secretly wrote a letter asking to surrender. General of the Guard Jiāng Wéi because of Jiǎn’s resources sent Nì and others to set out against Lǒngxī. (2) When they arrived at Dídào, Jiǎn led all the officials and people in the city to go out and welcome the army.
魏狄道長李簡密書請降，衛將軍姜維率嶷等因簡之資以出隴西。〔二〕既到狄道，簡悉率城中吏民出迎軍。
- (2) Yìbù Qíjiù Zhuàn states: Nì suffered rheumatism illness, and when he arrived at the capital it became severe, and only with a crutch could he rise. When Lǐ Jiǎn asked to surrender, everyone commenting was suspicious, but Nì said it was certainly real. When Jiāng Wéi set out, at the time it was said that Nì should first be sent back, that due to his illness he could not keep up. Because of this Nì personally begged to unleash all left of his strength against the central plains to reach the enemy Court. Facing them, he said to Hòu-zhǔ: “I your servant served you, enlightened sage, and received excessive grace. Moreover my body is ill, and I am always afraid that one morning I shall fall and end, and fail to repay the honor I have received. The world Under Heaven disobeys your wishes, and must be settled with military affairs. If Liángzhōu is settled, I your servant will be your defense and guard the border. If victory cannot be won, I will sacrifice my body as recompense.” Hòu-zhǔ sighed and wept for him.
〔二〕 益部耆舊傳曰：嶷風溼固疾，至都寖篤，扶杖然後能起。李簡請降，眾議狐疑，而嶷曰必然。姜維之出，時論以嶷初還，股疾不能在行中，由是嶷自乞肆力中原，致身敵庭。臨發，辭後主曰：「臣當值聖明，受恩過量，加以疾病在身，常恐一朝隕沒，辜負榮遇。天不違願，得豫戎事。若涼州克定，臣為藩表守將；若有未捷，殺身以報。」後主慨然為之流涕。
In front of his army he fought with Wèi General Xú Zhì, and Nì facing the battle line fell and died, though those he killed and injured were also numerous. At his death his eldest son Yīng was Marquis of Xīxiāng, so his next son Hùxióng inherited his title.
軍前與魏將徐質交鋒，嶷臨陳隕身，然其所殺傷亦過倍。既亡，封長子瑛西鄉侯，次子護雄襲爵。
When the southern people and foreigners of Yuèxī heard that Nì had died, there were none that did not weep with grief, and they established a Temple for Nì, and in all seasons when there was flood or drought they offered sacrifices to it. (3)
南土越嶲民夷聞嶷死，無不悲泣，為嶷立廟，四時水旱輒祀之。〔三〕
- (3) Yìbù Qíjiù Zhuàn states: I have observed Zhāng Nì’s behavior, appearance, and speech, and it cannot frighten people, but his tactical abilites are considerable, and his intensity is indeed enough to establish his authority. As a servant he has loyal and devoted integrity and is of the sort that has clear and upright nature, and when he acts he always considers the law. Hòu-zhǔ deeply esteemed him. Even compared to the heroic warriors of the ancient past, he was not so far!
- Shǔ Shìpǔ states: Nì’s grandson Yì was a Jìn Inspector of Liángzhōu.
〔三〕 益部耆舊傳曰：余觀張嶷儀貌辭令，不能駭人，而其策略足以入算，果烈足以立威，為臣有忠誠之節，處類有亮直之風，而動必顧典，後主深崇之。雖古之英士，何以遠踰哉！蜀世譜曰：嶷孫奕，晉梁州刺史。
Three States Records 